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AOPA Unhappy with JPDO's Airline-Centric Vision of a Future ATC | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Lufthansa Selects Thales/Smiths FMS for New A340-600s
Singapore's B-777-300ERs to have Honeywell's Next-Generation Radar | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Sentient Jet Extends Contract for Flight Explorer's ASD | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Survey: Passengers Want to Use Personal In-Flight Communications
Emirates Selects Rockwell Collins' Cabin Moving Map on A380
ECS Developing B-737 OnAir Mobile Phone Retrofit Installation
Rockwell Collins Adds Digital Server to PAVES Entertainment System
ARINC Direct Offers MagnaStar Airfone Replacement | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Mesa Airlines Will Use AeroData's ACARS Performance Interface | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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PrivateSky Aviation Offering New Mode-S EHS Installation for Gulfstreams | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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ARINC Providing Many IT Systems for Cairo's New Terminal 3 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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L-3 AVISYS Providing MANPADs Protection for Some Civil Aircraft | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Wingman Debriefing: Several Readers Opine on Comair Accident If you have comments on this, or anything else you see in Flt Tech Online, you may send an email to editor@flttechonline.com. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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AOPA Unhappy with JPDO's Airline-Centric Vision of a Future ATC AOPA has publicly criticized the vision of the Joint Planning and Development Office (JPDO), a multi-agency group that is preparing the comprehensive blueprint of what is to become America's next generation air transportation system. "Let's be blunt and call it [the Next Generation Air Transportation System or NGATS] what it is: the Next Generation AIRLINE Transportation System," said Phil Boyer, AOPA's president in remarks posted on AOPA's Website. Mr. Boyer detailed AOPA's critical review in a letter commenting on the 105-page NGATS draft document prepared by the JPDO, a multi-agency planning group that includes the FAA, NASA, the White House Science and Technology Office, and the Departments of Defense, Transportation, Homeland Security, and Commerce. Complaining that the JPDO's "Concept of Operations for the Next Generation Air Transportation System" is supposed to be the "common vision" of how air traffic control, airports, and airspace will be operated within 20 years, Mr. Boyer described it instead as a "nightmare of the future," at least for his membership. GA (general aviation) would lose access to airspace, experience increased security requirements, and operate from fewer airports, said Boyer, "even if we equipped with all the expensive technologies envisioned." "Certainly the overwhelming cost-drivers for ATC design, development, and equipment are for the needs of the commercial airlines," Boyer wrote. "General aviation is a relatively small user of the system of services provided by the FAA." On the other hand, 600,000 GA pilots fly more than 28 million hours a year, compared to 19 million hours for the airlines, according to AOPA, and operate some 210,000 GA aircraft from more than 5,400 public-use airports. "How can the JPDO ignore the size, scope, and magnitude of the general aviation industry in the United States"? Boyer asked. Mr. Boyer complains that under the JPDO's Concept of Operations (CONOPS), GA would experience increased barriers, particularly for VFR (visual flight rules) flight, as highly controlled airspace (Class B, for example) and restricted areas would be expanded. While airspace would be "flexible," with boundaries shifting in real time for weather, traffic, defense, and security reasons, it "would be restricted" for "higher performance operations" when necessary to "manage demand," Boyer insists. What he sees as added costs for GA under CONOPS also are a cause of concern for the AOPA leader: "Even VFR aircraft would be required to equip with expensive avionics to provide information for the 'four dimensional trajectory (4DT) management' system, which would require every aircraft to supply a flight plan and continuously update current location and altitude, speed, direction and altitude vectors, and arrival time, even if not participating in the IFR environment." "The CONOPS would require VFR aircraft to invest in significant and expensive avionics upgrades and comply with rigid operational rules, without any direct tangible benefits to the GA pilot or aircraft owner," said Boyer. AOPA Isn't Against ATC Modernization Mr. Boyer insists AOPA isn't against ATC modernization. "For nearly two decades, AOPA has been a staunch supporter of using technology to reduce FAA costs while improving the airspace system for all airspace users," said Boyer, citing its support for loran, GPS, and ADS-B (automatic dependent surveillance-broadcast) as examples. "Our steadfast commitment has resulted in successful modernization that not only improves general aviation safety and increases airspace system access, but also reduces federal investment costs significantly," Boyer said. But Mr. Boyer assured the JPDO that AOPA wasn't quitting the effort, and would continue to serve on the teams and committees developing the NGATS: "We stand ready to take this current CONOPS and assist in the necessary revisions so that we can return to what was originally intended - the Next Generation AIR Transportation System to serve the needs of all users, not just the airlines." 09-16-2006. (Top) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Lufthansa Selects Thales/Smiths FMS for New A340-600s Lufthansa elected to use a new generation FMS (flight management system) jointly developed by Thales and Smiths Aerospace on its seven new A340-600s, which represents a switch from Honeywell, its previous FMS supplier. The decision follows a period of evaluation of competing FMS systems by Lufthansa pilots and engineers, including full flight simulator testing. The Thales/Smiths Topflight FMS for Airbus aircraft features a dual high-speed processor architecture, large memory capacity, a LCD (liquid crystal display) pilots interface, and several unique software functionalities, including improved flight planning flexibility (multi-revision temporary flight plan, undo function, and an improved DIR TO selection), as well as an upgraded display functionality described as: "what you see is what you fly." 09-16-2006. (Top) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Singapore's B-777-300ERs to have Honeywell's Next-Generation Radar Singapore Airlines' 19 new B-777-300ERs will have Honeywell's next-generation windshear/weather radar that provides three-dimensional images of hazards along an aircraft's flight path. Honeywell's RDR-4000 uses ever-changing tilt angles to build a 3-D digital image of weather and terrain, and a forward-looking windshear and Doppler-turbulence detection capability. The system has an internal terrain database, adapted and scaled from Honeywell's EGPWS (enhanced ground proximity warning system) to remove ground clutter, and an altitude-based reflectivity compensation to give a truer picture of a storm's intensity regardless of altitude. According to Garrett Mikita, Honeywell's airline business segment vice president, pilots can detect turbulence and hazardous weather conditions earlier with the RDR-4000 than earlier radars, which gives them a better opportunity to make a more efficient change in routing. In addition, it is better at detecting hazardous weather along an aircraft's vertical flight path, making it more useful during climbs and descents, Mr. Mikita said. 09-15-2006. (Top) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Sentient Jet Extends Contract for Flight Explorer's ASD Sentient Jet, that offers its members the use of private jets, has extended its contract for Flight Explorer's Professional ASD (aircraft situation display) and complimentary tools to help manage its flight operations. Caroline Shin, Sentient Jet's vice president of client management, especially credited the system's alerting capabilities for making it an "essential component" in Sentient's flight operations center during the past four years. Sentient uses FE Professional Edition to track and monitor flights for its members, and its predictive tools to anticipate arrival and departure delays. Its flight managers also use Professional to monitor overall airspace status and get event-based alerts on any pertinent changes, and to capture relevant flight information for future use. FE Professional is now installed on over 2,000 systems, the company says. Its latest Version 6.2, released on August 15, added the ability to receive proactive alerts based on changes in METAR (meteorological aerodrome reports), airport RVR (runway visual range), as well as FAA airport delays and en route diversions. 09-13-2006. (Top) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Survey: Passengers Want to Use Personal In-Flight Communications A global survey of airline passengers, commissioned by OnAir, shows they want to be able to use their mobile devices during flights. In particular, passengers traveling for business purposes want to use their smartphones, like BlackBerry and Treo, to send and receive emails and to be reachable by phone during flights, in order to make their time spent on board as useful as possible. The research showed that among travelers flying for business reasons:
A breakdown of the survey results also shows that, although business travelers are more likely to use their mobile devices than leisure passengers, a very significant proportion of leisure passengers also want to remain in touch during flights as indicated in the following table:
Mobile OnAir, which will allow passengers to use their mobile phones, BlackBerrys and Treos during flights, will be installed on Air France flights from early 2007 and on Ryanair, bmi and TAP flights starting in mid 2007. 09-19-2006. (Top) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Emirates Selects Rockwell Collins' Cabin Moving Map on A380 Emirates Airline has selected Rockwell Collins' new all-digital Airshow 4200D moving map for its forthcoming A380s. Rockwell Collins says its new Airshow 4200D incorporates a new digital video interface that provides a true, all-digital display, thereby omitting the limitations common with analog video signals and real-time analog-to-digital encoders. It was designed specifically to take advantage of the latest generation of in-flight entertainment (IFE) systems. In addition, the 4200D now offers the choice to display in a native widescreen format, giving passengers a truly widescreen experience of their flight's progress, along with Airshow 4200's other features. 09-17-2006. (Top) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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ECS Developing B-737 OnAir Mobile Phone Retrofit Installation ECS is developing a retrofit installation to accommodate OnAir's in-flight mobile telephone service for B-737s under a contract from OnAir-partner Airbus. The contract covers adapting the necessary hardware adaptation, engineering development, and managing of the technical certification and approval process with relevant authorities including the FAA and EASA (European Aviation Safety Agency). While OnAir was conceived and designed as an aircraft-neutral system, its first implementation was tailored to fit the A320 aircraft family. This contract is part of OnAir's strategy to extend its OnAir service to other aircraft, such as the B-737 through a retrofit package. ECS won the contract following an RFP (request for proposals) issued by Airbus. The work will be managed at ECS headquarters in Franklin, Wisconsin, with an airline retrofit package ready for installations sometime in mid 2007. 09-16-2006. (Top) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Rockwell Collins Adds Digital Server to PAVES Entertainment System Rockwell Collins is introducing a digital upgrade to its PAVES programmable audio and video entertainment system that will be available in early 2008 as a retrofit on Airbus and Boeing narrow body aircraft. The company is also offering a new retractable display for Airbus customers. The digital enhancement, dubbed dPaves, system provides up to an 85 percent reduction in volume, a 70 percent reduction in weight and a 75 percent reduction in power over the analog system, according to Rockwell. It offers more storage capability than other digital players as well, with up to 60 hours of video, including encrypted content, and 128 hours of audio on a 160 GB (gigabyte) hard drive. Discussions to finalize dPaves' line-fit offerability are ongoing with both Boeing and Airbus. The other PAVES enhancement, a new 10-inch retractable LCD (liquid crystal display) for Airbus customers, adds to a 10.4-inch display offering for Boeing aircraft and an 8.4-inch display currently available for Airbus models. Deliveries of the new 10-inch retractable LCD will begin in early 2007, Rockwell says. Rockwell Collins says its Airshow 4200 moving map product may also be integrated into the dPAVES system server, which should save the space, weight and power required of installing a separate unit. 09-16-2006. (Top) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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ARINC Direct Offers MagnaStar Airfone Replacement ARINC Direct is offering a replacement for Teledyne MagnaStar air-ground phone systems meant to give operators maximum flexibility in replacing the current system's functionality. The Verizon Airfone network is scheduled to be decommissioned on December 4, 2006. One ARINC Direct solution is an avionics-only upgrade, with hardware from the International Communications Group (ICG), which makes use of in-place MagnaStar phones and related services already on the aircraft, and enables communications via the Iridium satellite network. This "plug and play" solution requires minimal down time and no interior modifications to the aircraft, ARINC says. A more comprehensive solution includes all-new ICG Iridium avionics and PBX (private branch exchange) that can handle multiple calls, call waiting, conferencing, and wireless handset connectivity, and can be integrated with the cockpit for simultaneous voice and ACARS (aircraft communications addressing and reporting system) datalink. Either option allows operators to add ACARS, via ARINC Direct, to support operational capabilities, such as flight following and the uplinking of flight plans and weather information, and their standard interfaces will support future broadband services. As an Iridium service provider, ARINC handles all service activation and ongoing customer support, and can also provide installation services with complete hardware and technical support to ensure a smooth installation. 09-16-2006. (Top) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Mesa Airlines Will Use AeroData's ACARS Performance Interface U.S. regional, Mesa Airlines, will use AeroData's system to facilitate the delivery of aircraft performance and weight and balance via ACARS (aircraft communications and reporting system). AeroData's system provides an airline with customized ACARS input and results screens to facilitate the use of aircraft performance and weight and balance data information that is delivered by datalink. In Mesa's case, the AeroData cockpit system is fully integrated with the regional airline's flight dispatching system, which eliminates duplicate data entries by flight crews and dispatchers. AeroData says it provides a full spectrum of services for all budgets, from paper charts and flight plan integrated takeoff and landing data, to PDA (personal digital assistant), EFB (electronic flight bag), and real-time datalinked performance information systems such as that to be used by Mesa. 09-16-2006. (Top) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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PrivateSky Aviation Offering New Mode-S EHS Installation for Gulfstreams PrivateSky Aviation Services has a new STC (supplemental type certificate) allowing it to install Mode-S EHS (enhanced surveillance) on Gulfstream aircraft to make them fully compliant with forthcoming European requirements. Mode-S EHS and ELS (elementary) are scheduled to become mandatory in European airspace on March 30, 2007. The new STC incorporates a translator, manufactured by Spectralux Corporation, which will enable the EHS to report "selected altitude" as required by ICAO and Eurocontrol. PrivateSky says it can complete the installation in approximately six days at a cost of less than $20,000, depending on aircraft's current transponder configuration. 09-17-2006. (Top) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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ARINC Providing Many IT Systems for Cairo's New Terminal 3 Cairo International Airport's new Terminal 3 will be equipped with 14 airport operational systems developed by ARINC, including several technology firsts for the airport industry and the region. ARINC will install the world's first airport context-aware operational platform, which will automatically link the airport's employees with the precise IT (information technology) applications they require for work whenever they need them. The airport applications will "come into view" spontaneously as a function of the user's profile, work assignment, type of electronic access (workstation, portable computer, PDA or smart phone), log-in location (on aircraft, in terminal, on tarmac), and the time of day. The context-aware platform will enable secure and appropriate exchange of passenger information, flight information, catering orders, security prescription, maintenance tools, and more. Terminal 3 will also feature the Middle East's CUSS (common-use self-service) kiosks for passenger check-ins. Officials expect as many as 28 airlines in the terminal to share ARINC's SelfServ units for this purpose. ARINC will also deploy Egypt's first custom-designed BIG (biometric immigration gate) system at the terminal, where it will serve as a "fast-track" automated border control system to streamline emigration and immigration. Other systems include ARINC's iMUSE common-use passenger system, its IP (Internet protocol)-enabled AirVUE FIDS (flight information display system), its AirDB airport operational database, and its LocalCheck DCS (departure control system) for airlines without host connections. The telecommunications backbone to support the new systems include a LAN (local area network), network management, and VoIP (voice over IP), all provided by ARINC, which will also deploy the airport's resource management system, information kiosk and information broker (IB) systems. The IB will serve as the airport's data backbone switch, and is the heart of the IT system integration and will be extended to include other facilities at a later date. 09-16-2006. (Top) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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L-3 AVISYS Providing MANPADs Protection for Some Civil Aircraft L-3 AVISYS says it has received a contract to provide turnkey aircraft protection systems from heat-seeking missiles for three models of civil and VIP aircraft. The unit of L-3 Communications Integrated Systems Group, has installed, or is in the process of installing, missile protection systems on the A340, as well as the B-737 and B-747 for unspecified customers. The scope of this contract, however, includes the potential for additional orders on other aircraft models, the company says. The contracted-for systems protect aircraft from the threat of heat-seeking MANPADS (man-portable air defense systems) missiles. But AVISIS is also offering its WIPPS (the widebody integrated platform protection system) and CAPS2 (the second-generation civil aircraft protection system). Both of these technologies are based on mature, off-the-shelf self-protection and decoy-dispensing systems, according to L-3. A customer can select to use WIPPS and CAPS2 for an entire flight, or only during the takeoff and landing segments, L-3 says, and assures that the technology's maturity eliminates false alarms and inadvertent infrared decoy dispensing when operating in high-clutter urban areas. Its infrared decoy technology provides highly reliable and multi-threat and multi-launch protection at an affordable, low fly-away cost, according to L-3. 09-19-2006. (Top) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Wingman Debriefing: Several Readers Opine on Comair Accident Several readers expressed their views on Wingman's assertion that "Available Technologies Might Have Saved Comair 5191," and reader, David E. Grilley, who pointed out that pilots need to check their compass on runway line-up. David E. Grilley wrote: "Gentlemen, I'm sorry, but as a primary flight instructor, I distinctly remember teaching my students to check their compass on runway line-up. While new technology is great, sometimes it is a failure to follow basic principles that gets us in a bind like this." Tom Farrier wrote: "Both Mr. Grilley and Wingman raise valid points. Too frequently, pilots seem to forget they have heading indicators until they're airborne. In December of 1999, a United crew that got turned around in low visibility while taxiing in at Providence (PVD) possibly could have avoided some confusion if they'd observed themselves taxiing on a heading obviously askew from that of their intended taxiway (although a closed runway they expected to encounter en route to the terminal was on a similar heading). By the same token, relying on heading alone isn't much better; in October of 2000 a Singapore Airlines crew came to grief after trying to take off from a closed runway at Taipei (TPE) parallel to their assigned departure runway. The FAA has tried hard to solve these problems with both education and a variety of anti-incursion aids, most particularly the standardized runway and taxiway signage that was mandated some years back. Still, there are local "gotchas" at almost every large airport - taxiways that change names, number/letter combinations that lend themselves to confusion when observed in poor lighting or visibility at taxiing speeds, etc. From a purely objective standpoint, there probably isn't a way to reduce human error in the surface environment much further without some kind of technology that really helps situational awareness in a tangible manner, such as GPS-driven depictions of the airport with "own position," i.e., moving map displays of some type. And, until the cost of such solutions comes down significantly, there probably won't be many GA-friendly solutions to help the bulk of the flying community. Finally, I'd respectfully suggest to the entire Flight Tech Online readership that the Lexington tragedy is looking more and more like a classic multiple-link chain of causality. Hopefully, the aviation community will take to heart the various speculations and theories currently in circulation as valid issues for self-examination, while realizing this investigation has a long way to go." Reader David Sims wrote: "Surely Mr. Grilley's argument falls apart when he says "...sometimes it is a failure to follow basic principles that gets us in a bind like this." It is exactly because humans are fallible and procedures, for whatever reason, are not followed to the letter that devices that alert us to possible errors should be encouraged." Reader Marcel Martineau wrote: "The problem is that a very small moment of inattention or distraction can be sufficient for the crew to make a fatal mistake especially if something has been changed such as a taxiway that leads to intersecting runways, the sun in the eyes, expediency... There are also several factors which need to be considered. The fatigue level of the pilots, each pilot state of mind, the synergy between them, their experience level, the culture within an airline, and the level of CRM [crew resource management] exercised in this case must be considered. Often, depending on the experience level on a particular type of aircraft, a authority role reversal can occur in the cockpit or a crew member can fail to play the safety role expected by any member of a crew. The danger is not only taking off on the wrong runway but landing on the wrong runway or even landing at the wrong airport. The challenge for a crew is to constantly concentrate on the task at hand even after doing the same thing thousands of times. The challenge for Flight Operations Managers is to develop Standard Operating Procedures that will cater to such dangers."
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Fleet Changes EgyptAir Holding Company ordered six Embraer 170s, with options for six more. Delivery of the first aircraft is scheduled for April 2007. The aircraft will operate under EgyptAir's newly created subsidiary, EgyptAir Express. 09-17-2006. Hainan Airlines ordered 15 B-737NGs representing the last part of a 150-airplane order by the China Aviation Supplies Import and Export Group that was announced in November 2005. These airplanes are scheduled for delivery between 2006 and 2010. 09-17-2006. Hainan Airlines ordered 50 ERJ 145s powered by Rolls-Royce AE 3007 engines. Deliveries are due to start in 2007. 09-17-2006. PGA Portugalia leased a Fokker 100 from Carpatair in an ACMI (aircraft crew maintenance and insurance) deal arranged by Skyways Aviation. The aircraft, flight crew and maintenance will be provided by Carpatair. 09-17-2006. China Cargo Airlines, a subsidiary of Shanghai-based China Eastern Airlines, took delivery of its first of two B-747-400ER (extended range) Freighters. The aircraft is the first of its type produced by Boeing. 09-17-2006. Shanghai-based Juneyao Airlines took delivery of its first of two A319s leased with GE Commercial Aviation Service (GECAS). The new Chinese private airline also expects to add six A320s to its fleet, leased from GECAS as well. 09-17-2006. Air China will use Rolls-Royce Trent 1000 engines to power its 15 new B-787s. 09-17-2006. CommutAir leased 16 Q200s from Horizon Air, with deliveries stated to begin in January 2007. CommutAir will operate the aircraft on behalf of Continental Connection. 09-17-2006. Atlas Air Worldwide Holdings, parent of Atlas Air and Polar Air Cargo, ordered 12 GEnx-powered B-747-8 freighters, with deliveries scheduled for 2010-11. 09-17-2006. Qatar Airways took delivery of its first of ten A340-600HGWs. The airline also recently confirmed an order for 20 B-777s, and reaffirmed its unsigned commitment for up to 60 A350s made at the 2005 Paris Air Show. 09-17-2006. Pemco Aviation Group will convert a B-737-300 passenger aircraft into a freighter version for ILFC for delivery later this year. ILFC has options for three more conversions in 2007. 09-17-2006. (Top) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Industry Trends The U.S. Bureau of Transportation Statistics (BTS) said its reporting U.S. airlines operated 5.2 million domestic and international flights during the first six months of 2006, 4.6% fewer than were operated during the same period in 2005. Domestic fights were down 5.2% from the previous year while international flights were up 2.6%. In the most recent month, June, U.S. airlines operated 889,200 scheduled domestic and international flights, down 4.9% from the number of flights operated in June 2005. The number of domestic flights declined 5.6% in June from a year earlier while international flights increased 3.0%. Flight stage length, the average non-stop distance flown per departure, was up 3.6% in the first six months. In June, flight stage length was up 4.0%. Passenger trip length, the average distance flown per passenger, was up 1.7% in the first six months. In June, passenger trip length was up 2.1%. Other total system comparisons from June 2005 to June 2006, and from the first six months of 2005 to the first six months of 2006, are presented in the graphs below. (All charts are based on BTS data):
RPMs =
revenue
passenger
miles
Reporting U.S. Carriers: Domestic System Comparisons
Domestic flight stage length, the average non-stop distance flown per departure, was up 2.8% in the first six months. In June, domestic flight stage length was up 3.0%. Domestic passenger trip length, the average distance flown per passenger, was up 1.2% in the first six months. In June, domestic passenger trip length was up 0.8%. Reporting U.S. Carriers: International System Comparisons
International flight stage length, the average non-stop distance flown per departure, was up 2.3% in the first six months. In June, international flight stage length was up 3.1%. International passenger trip length, the average distance flown per passenger, was down 0.2% in the first six months. In June, international passenger trip length was up 0.7%. Additional traffic numbers are available on the BTS website at http://transtats.bts.gov. 09-18-2006. Sabre Airline Solutions' consulting business predicts that a new breed of airline, described as a value-focused carrier (VFC), will gain a significant share of the leisure and cost-conscious business travel market. Sabre defines a VFC as an airline that competes on a combination of price and a product in very specific markets, while managing costs tightly. VFCs currently handle 12% of this traffic around the world, compared to 6% in 2001, Sabre estimates, and will ultimately gain a significant share of the market for leisure and cost-conscious business travel. 09-17-2006. Boeing's World Air Cargo Forecast 2006/2007 predicts that world air cargo growth will expand at an average annual rate of 6.1% during the next two decades, with a three-fold increase in worldwide air freight. Boeing expects that the growth of Asian air cargo markets will exceed the expectations of the forecast from two years ago, with the domestic Chinese and intra-Asian markets expanding 10.8% and 8.6% per year, respectively. In addition, Asia-North America will average 7.1% and Europe-Asia will average 6.9%. More mature markets, such as North America and intra-Europe, will grow more slowly than the world average, as will routes involving Latin America and the Middle East. Europe-Southwest Asia will experience slightly higher than average growth, at 6.2%. Overall, Boeing predicts the world freighter fleet will increase to 3,563 airplanes from 1,789 during the 20-year forecast period, with the greatest growth in wide body freighters such as the Boeing 747, 777 and 767. This category ultimately will represent 64% of the fleet, compared to 50% today, eventually constituting more than 90% of total freighter capacity. Of the 2,983 freighters predicted to join the fleet, 1,209 would be replacements for retired aircraft and 1,774 for growth. More than 75%, 2,217 airplanes will come from passenger/combi-to-freighter modifications, while 766 will be new production freighters. 09-17-2006. (Top) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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